The secret of space travel dog

Academician Oleg Gazenko Belka introduced the following Strenka safe flight in 1960 - Photo: itogi 50 years ago, mankind began to dream the impossible idea as his: to conquer the universe. Then, to proceed to put a man into space, it took the dogs to "open road". The original idea Before people fly into space, the required experiments and surveys to ensure success. This crucial role is assigned to the dogs. We can say that without these four-legged animals can not have people talk in space. So far, few know that, in addition to the many famous dog another dog, but the fate of less fortunate: There are more children on the earth, but also I consecrate my life to science. Itogi magazine has general information, little is known about the expedition to the space of these faithful animals.The participation of animals in the process of conquering space was the Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky started from the early 20th century. At that time he also confirmed that the manned space can not be no loss of human life, so he suggested that animal testing to obtain valuable information such as the organ affected by the change environmental conditions of weightlessness, the lack of oxygen ... during flight. At that time, Tsiolkovsky studied some effects of this type for chickens and cockroaches. The four-legged astronauts landed safely - Photos itogi However, not until half a century later, people began to conduct experimental idea. In the years 1947 - 1949, America has conducted rocket experiments with white mice and monkeys, while the Soviet Union with the dogs. In the Soviet Union, one selected and set up a whole army of "test pilot" four legs. They are named Roma, Dezik, Belka, Strenka, Pchelka, Mushka, Alfa, Zulka, Chernushka, Zvezdochka ... It is difficult to remember all the names of "warrior way" this four-legged. Preparation On 7/22/1957, a satellite with the dogs was the Soviet Union launched the earth's surface up to 87 km. The dog returned to Earth safely, but the satellite is not flying all round the earth should not be considered as space flight. Some dogs had several trips into the sky and even renamed. Example: dog Zulka earlier in the first flight was called Zemchuzyna, while other times it called Snhezynka. In dogs Markyza before flying into Belyi. There are flights "a go no return" as in flight in 1951 with four dogs died. Soviet confidential testing for failure. In addition to experts, is little known is that in 1957 the Soviet Union at the same time preparing 3 satellite was first launched. One of them became Tuesday the artificial satellite of the earth and the first satellite is operating under the auto space. It was launched on May 5.1958. Besides, the Soviet satellite was a simple: Only a broadcast communications function from space to earth. In addition, the country was preparing biological satellite into space to breed. Both satellites are manufactured in a facility for the necessary they can swap positions. Besides, the Soviet Union beat the United States are worried about it the last two satellites are kept functional and result in biological satellite carrying the dog Laika barks "bears, bears, bears" the first into space shocked the whole world. on road The fate of the "astronauts" four legs Laika, first dog to die for the conquest of the universe - Photos itogi After three times to conquer the universe, living to old home Zulka Dr. Oleg Gazenko. Zvezdochka dog shall be sent to Moscow Zoo, but then disappeared (perhaps it was stolen like a treasure). PWD Chernushka its ongoing participation in the laboratory of the Institute of Aviation Medicine universe. After death, it was mummified and put it together Zulka Institute of Problems of life - medicine. Medical Center in air - the cosmos, one carved and hung the sign of the dog Laika state attribution. Forthcoming, it will be up bronze in Moscow, in areas Dinamo stadium. Preparation for Laika take several months. One should teach it how to live in a cramped cockpit, while to carry on his control device the field glasses to monitor biological indicators such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure ... Join the preparations have Academician Academy of the USSR - Dr. Oleg Gazenko, each 20 years leading the Institute for Problems of life - medicine. He described the event: "Laika was not the best candidate as calculated by the satellite at that time had not landed on Earth as planned. After completing the program seven days, the satellite needs to stay close to the earth a space of time and then during a natural brake on landing it would ignite the atmosphere. It was so we did not choose the best candidate to take the death. Interestingly Laika (in Russian means barking) dog is the most mistaken. Laika was in the cabin space at the airport all day. This shows the preparation of the missile launch is a long process, complicated. Laika in the metal cylinder in normal position. We even drink it up before takeoff, but the total engineer S. Koralev not much fun with this. " After successfully starting, boosters separated, the satellite went into orbit in space. In the first nine rings around Earth, the necessary information about flights, about the health of the dog regularly passed on the command center. Unfortunately because of an ellipse-shaped orbit of the satellite most of the time in the sun, machinery and cockpit began to heat up. After 20 hours in the cabin temperature to 41 degrees C, life-threatening form of Laika. The dog died before the satellite fire. Flight of the satellite program were not achieved fully. However, this first flight in hazardous conditions that the organism can survive in space, allowing people to continue improving the conditions of this initial direction. Dr. Oleg Gazenko said: "In 1957, the Soviet Union was not calculated when it would put people into space but at the time set out the criteria for choosing candidates to humans as well as proposed design plan assurance system and check the living conditions of people and fire prevention systems. " End of an eraBefore you put a man in space, Soviet satellite continuously bring the dog into space. On May 8.1960, two dogs Belka same Strenka orbit and return safely. However, in flight and then the rocket exploded shortly after takeoff, but two dogs Pchelka, Mushka died. In December of that year, when two notes Alfa, Zulka fly but by the third floor of the rocket does not work with two satellites should fall to the Tungusky dogs. After 2 days looking for, we have seen Alfa, Zulka healthy. This suggests that the rescue system has worked well. In early 1961, the Soviet Union began to take the dummy people (experts formal name is Ivan Ivanych) with the sensor mounted full of people. The dog eventually fly into space before astronauts I. Gagarin is Zvezdochka. I. Gagarin and future astronauts have to aerospace witnessed Zvezdochka departure and return safely. The era of space travel four feet over, but the contribution of the dogs in the conquest of space is invaluable. Because we humans began flying into the vast space. Hoàng Hoài Sơn

Việt Báo (Theo_Thanh_Nien)